Electroporation

The electroporation technique requires plant cells that are grown as protoplast in tissue culture.  The plasmid DNA containing the goc is added to a suspension of plant protoplasts and the mixture is given an electrical pulse of 200 to 600 V/ cm2.  The electrical pulse results in pores forming in the protoplast membrane. DNA molecules are able to move through these pores into the cell where recombination with genomic DNA occurs. The protoplasts are grown in tissue culture for one or two weeks allowing them to stabilize before selecting transformants.

Rice culture protoplasts in agarose	The electroporation unit
Transient expression of the GUS reporter gene in rice protoplasts after transformation	Transformed plant